11. 常用查询例子_ MySQL 学习笔记

在命令行中，选择要操作的数据庫：

shell> mysql your-database-name

创建数据庫表，并往里添加数据：

CREATE TABLE shop (
    article INT(4) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL DEFAULT '0000' NOT NULL,
    dealer  CHAR(20)                 DEFAULT ''     NOT NULL,
    price   DOUBLE(16,2)             DEFAULT '0.00' NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY(article, dealer));
INSERT INTO shop VALUES
    (1,'A',3.45),(1,'B',3.99),(2,'A',10.99),(3,'B',1.45),
    (3,'C',1.69),(3,'D',1.25),(4,'D',19.95);

上述语句执行后，有如下结果：

mysql> select * from shop;
+---------+--------+-------+
| article | dealer | price |
+---------+--------+-------+
|    0001 | A      |  3.45 |
|    0001 | B      |  3.99 |
|    0002 | A      | 10.99 |
|    0003 | B      |  1.45 |
|    0003 | C      |  1.69 |
|    0003 | D      |  1.25 |
|    0004 | D      | 19.95 |
+---------+--------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

查询列特定列中的最大值

SELECT MAX(article) AS article FROM shop;
+---------+
| article |
+---------+
|       4 |
+---------+

简单的子查询：

SELECT article, dealer, price
FROM   shop
WHERE  price=(SELECT MAX(price) FROM shop);
+---------+--------+-------+
| article | dealer | price |
+---------+--------+-------+
|    0004 | D      | 19.95 |
+---------+--------+-------+

也可以通过以下方式来达到同样的效果：

SELECT s1.article, s1.dealer, s1.price
FROM shop s1
LEFT JOIN shop s2 ON s1.price < s2.price
WHERE s2.article IS NULL;
SELECT article, dealer, price
FROM shop
ORDER BY price DESC
LIMIT 1;

每个分组里的最大值

SELECT article, MAX(price) AS price
FROM   shop
GROUP BY article;
+---------+-------+
| article | price |
+---------+-------+
|    0001 |  3.99 |
|    0002 | 10.99 |
|    0003 |  1.69 |
|    0004 | 19.95 |
+---------+-------+