开发工具，框架和库

• Github; https://github.com/Trufflesuite/Truffle
• 网站; https://Truffleframework.com
• 文档; https://Truffleframework.com/docs
• Truffle Boxes; http://Truffleframework.com/boxes/
• npm package repository; https://www.npmjs.com/package/Truffle

$ nvm install --lts

• 确认你已安装 node 和 npm：

  $ node -v
  v8.9.4
  $ npm -v
  5.6.0
  

• 创建一个包含DApp支持的Node.js版本的隐藏文件.nvmrc，这样开发人员只需要在项目目录的根目录下运行nvm install，它就会自动安装并切换到使用该版本。

  $ node -v > .nvmrc
  $ nvm install
  

• 看起来不错。现在安装Truffle：

  $ npm -g install Truffle
  + Truffle@4.0.6
  installed 1 package in 37.508s
  

• 如果我们想要使用或创建一个建立在预先构建的样板上的DApp，那么在Truffle Boxes链接中，我们可以选择一个现有的Truffle项目，然后运行以下命令来下载并提取它：

  $ Truffle unbox <BOX_NAME>
  

• $ mkdir Faucet
  $ cd Faucet
  Faucet $
  

• 一旦进入 Faucet 目录，我们初始化 Truffle：

  Faucet $ Truffle init
  

• Truffle创建了一个目录结构和一些默认文件：

  Faucet
  ├── contracts
  │   └── Migrations.sol
  ├── migrations
  │   └── 1_initial_migration.js
  ├── test
  ├── Truffle-config.js
  └── Truffle.js
  

• 除了Truffle本身之外，我们还将使用一些JavaScript（nodeJS）支持包。我们可以用npm安装这些。我们初始化npm目录结构并接受npm建议的默认值：

  $ npm init
  package name: (faucet)
  version: (1.0.0)
  description:
  entry point: (Truffle-config.js)
  test command:
  git repository:
  keywords:
  author:
  license: (ISC)
  About to write to Faucet/package.json:
  {
    "name": "faucet",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "description": "",
    "main": "Truffle-config.js",
    "directories": {
      "test": "test"
    },
    "scripts": {
      "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
    },
    "author": "",
    "license": "ISC"
  }
  Is this ok? (yes)
  

• 现在，我们可以安装我们用来使Truffle变得更容易的依赖关系：

  $ npm install dotenv Truffle-wallet-provider ethereumjs-wallet
  

• $ rm Truffle.js
  

• 现在我们编辑 Truffle-config.js 并用下面的内容替换：
• Truffle-config.js - a Truffle configuration to get us started

  module.exports = {
  	networks: {
  		localnode: { // Whatever network our local node connects to
  			network_id: "*", // Match any network id
  			host: "localhost",
  			port: 8545,
  		}
  	}
  };
  

• 让我们将 Faucet.sol 合约（[solidity_faucet_example]）复制到+contracts+子目录中，以便项目目录如下所示：

  Faucet
  ├── contracts
  │   ├── Faucet.sol
  │   └── Migrations.sol
  ...
  

• 我们现在可以让Truffle编译我们的合约：

  $ Truffle compile
  Compiling ./contracts/Faucet.sol...
  Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol...
  Writing artifacts to ./build/contracts
  

• Truffle的+migrations+目录是找到迁移脚本的地方。现在，只有一个脚本 1_initial_migration.js，它会部署 Migrations.sol 合约本身：
• [[1_initial_migration]] .1_initial_migration.js - the migration script for Migrations.sol

  include::code/truffle/Faucet/migrations/1_initial_migration.js
  var Migrations = artifacts.require("./Migrations.sol");
  module.exports = function(deployer) {
    deployer.deploy(Migrations);
  };
  

• 我们需要第二个migration脚本来部署 Faucet.sol。我们称之为+2_deploy_contracts.js+。它非常简单，就像+1_initial_migration.js+一样，只需稍作修改即可。实际上，你可以复制+ 1_initial_migration.js+的内容，并简单地将+Migrations+的所有实例替换为+Faucet+：
• [[2_deploy_contracts]] .2_deploy_contracts.js - the migration script for Faucet.sol

  include::code/truffle/Faucet/migrations/2_deploy_contracts.js
  var Faucet = artifacts.require("./Faucet.sol");
  module.exports = function(deployer) {
    deployer.deploy(Faucet);
  };
  

• Truffle将显示migration完成情况，显示每个交易并显示合约地址：

  $ Truffle migrate --network localnode
  Using network 'localnode'.
  Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
    Deploying Migrations...
    ... 0xfa090db179d023d2abae543b4a21a1479e70ca7d35a469a5d1a98bfc6bd80fe8
    Migrations: 0x8861c27715550bed8362c0345add158489df6db0
  Saving successful migration to network...
    ... 0x985c4a32716826ddbe4eae284104bef8bc69e959899f62246a1b27c9dfcd6c03
  Saving artifacts...
  Running migration: 2_deploy_contracts.js
    Deploying Faucet...
    ... 0xecdbeef77f0558edc689440e34b7bba0a3ba7a45e4b680b071b47c30a930e9d6
    Faucet: 0xd01cd8e7bd29e4bff8c1693f59eee46137a9f300
  Saving successful migration to network...
    ... 0x11f376bd7307edddfd40dc4a14c3f7cb84b6c921ac2465602060b67d08f9fd8a
  Saving artifacts...
  

• 让我们开始Truffle控制台并尝试一些命令：

  $ Truffle console --network localnode
  Truffle(localnode)>
  

Truffle(localnode)>
Array Boolean Date Error EvalError Function Infinity JSON Math NaN Number Object RangeError ReferenceError RegExp String SyntaxError TypeError URIError decodeURI decodeURIComponent encodeURI encodeURIComponent eval isFinite isNaN parseFloat parseInt undefined
ArrayBuffer Buffer DataView Faucet Float32Array Float64Array GLOBAL Int16Array Int32Array Int8Array Intl Map Migrations Promise Proxy Reflect Set StateManager Symbol Uint16Array Uint32Array Uint8Array Uint8ClampedArray WeakMap WeakSet WebAssembly XMLHttpRequest _ assert async_hooks buffer child_process clearImmediate clearInterval clearTimeout cluster console crypto dgram dns domain escape events fs global http http2 https module net os path perf_hooks process punycode querystring readline repl require root setImmediate setInterval setTimeout stream string_decoder tls tty unescape url util v8 vm web3 zlib
__defineGetter__ __defineSetter__ __lookupGetter__ __lookupSetter__ __proto__ constructor hasOwnProperty isPrototypeOf propertyIsEnumerable toLocaleString toString valueOf

Truffle(localnode)> web3.eth.accounts
[ '0x9e713963a92c02317a681b9bb3065a8249de124f',
  '0xdb5dc1a13e3a55cf3b4587cd8d1e5fdeb6738145' ]

Truffle(localnode)> web3.eth.getBalance(web3.eth.accounts[0]).toNumber()
191198572800000000
Truffle(localnode)>

Truffle(localnode)> Faucet.address
'0xd01cd8e7bd29e4bff8c1693f59eee46137a9f300'
Truffle(localnode)> web3.eth.getBalance(Faucet.address).toNumber()
0
Truffle(localnode)>

Truffle(localnode)> web3.eth.sendTransaction({from:web3.eth.accounts[0], to:Faucet.address, value:web3.toWei(0.5, 'ether')});
'0xf134c75b985dc0e0c27c2f0412251e0860eb530a5055e660f21e7483ab336808'

Truffle(localnode)> web3.eth.getBalance(Faucet.address).toNumber()
500000000000000000

Truffle(localnode)> Faucet.deployed().then(instance => {instance.withdraw(web3.toWei(0.1, 'ether'))}).then(console.log)

Truffle(localnode)> web3.eth.getBalance(Faucet.address).toNumber()
400000000000000000

Truffle(localnode)> Faucet.deployed().then(instance => {instance.withdraw(web3.toWei(1, 'ether'))})

StatusError: Transaction: 0xe147ae9e3610334ada8d863c9028c12bd0501be2d0cfd05865c18612b92d3f9c exited with an error (status 0).

• Github; https://github.com/embark-framework/embark/
• 文档; https://embark.status.im/docs/
• npm package repository; https://www.npmjs.com/package/embark $ npm -g install embark

mkdir sample-crowdsale
cd sample-crowdsale
npm install openzeppelin-solidity@1.9.0
mkdir contracts

include::code/OpenZeppelin/contracts/SampleToken.sol
pragma solidity 0.4.23;
import 'openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/MintableToken.sol';
contract SampleToken is MintableToken {
  string public name = "SAMPLE TOKEN";
  string public symbol = "SAM";
  uint8 public decimals = 18;
}

include::code/OpenZeppelin/contracts/SampleCrowdsale.sol
pragma solidity 0.4.23;
import './SampleToken.sol';
import 'openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/emission/MintedCrowdsale.sol';
import 'openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/crowdsale/distribution/PostDeliveryCrowdsale.sol';
contract SampleCrowdsale is PostDeliveryCrowdsale, MintedCrowdsale {
  constructor(
    uint256 _openingTime,
    uint256 _closingTime
    uint256 _rate,
    address _wallet,
    MintableToken _token
  )
    public
    Crowdsale(_rate, _wallet, _token)
    PostDeliveryCrowdsale(_openingTime, _closingTime)
  {
  }
}

include::code/OpenZeppelin/migrations/2_deploy_contracts.js
const SampleCrowdsale = artifacts.require('./SampleCrowdsale.sol');
const SampleToken = artifacts.require('./SampleToken.sol');
module.exports = function(deployer, network, accounts) {
  const openingTime = web3.eth.getBlock('latest').timestamp + 2; // two secs in the future
  const closingTime = openingTime + 86400 * 20; // 20 days
  const rate = new web3.BigNumber(1000);
  const wallet = accounts[1];
  return deployer
    .then(() => {
      return deployer.deploy(SampleToken);
    })
    .then(() => {
      return deployer.deploy(
        SampleCrowdsale,
        openingTime,
        closingTime,
        rate,
        wallet,
        SampleToken.address
      );
    });
};

• GitHub link; https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-solidity
• Website link; https://openzeppelin.org/
• Docs link; https://openzeppelin.org/api/docs/open-zeppelin.html

Usage: helpeth [command]
Commands:
  signMessage <message>                     Sign a message
  verifySig <hash> <sig>                    Verify signature
  verifySigParams <hash> <r> <s> <v>        Verify signature parameters
  createTx <nonce> <to> <value> <data>      Sign a transaction
  <gasLimit> <gasPrice>
  assembleTx <nonce> <to> <value> <data>    Assemble a transaction from its
  <gasLimit> <gasPrice> <v> <r> <s>         components
  parseTx <tx>                              Parse raw transaction
  keyGenerate [format] [icapdirect]         Generate new key
  keyConvert                                Convert a key to V3 keystore format
  keyDetails                                Print key details
  bip32Details <path>                       Print key details for a given path
  addressDetails <address>                  Print details about an address
  unitConvert <value> <from> <to>           Convert between Ethereum units
Options:
  -p, --private      Private key as a hex string                        [string]
  --password         Password for the private key                       [string]
  --password-prompt  Prompt for the private key password               [boolean]
  -k, --keyfile      Encoded key file                                   [string]
  --show-private     Show private key details                          [boolean]
  --mnemonic         Mnemonic for HD key derivation                     [string]
  --version          Show version number                               [boolean]
  --help             Show help                                         [boolean]

$ curl [https://nixos.org/nix/install](https://nixos.org/nix/install) | sh $ nix-channel --add [https://nix.dapphub.com/pkgs/dapphub](https://nix.dapphub.com/pkgs/dapphub) $ nix-channel --update $ nix-env -iA dapphub.{dapp,seth,hevm,evmdis}

==== Dapp
https://dapp.tools/dapp/
==== Seth
https://dapp.tools/seth/
==== Hevm
https://dapp.tools/hevm/
==== SputnikVM
SputnikVM是一个独立的可插拔的用于不同的基于以太坊的区块链的虚拟机。它是用Rust编写的，可以用作二进制，货物箱，共享库，或者通过FFI，Protobuf和JSON接口集成。它有一个单独的用于测试目的的二进制sputnikvm-dev，它模拟大部分JSON RPC API和区块挖掘。
Github link; https://github.com/etcdevteam/sputnikvm
== Libraries
=== web3.js
web3.js是以太坊兼容的JS API，用于通过以太坊基金会开发的JSON RPC与客户进行通信。
Github link; https://github.com/ethereum/web3.js
+npm+ package repository link; https://www.npmjs.com/package/web3
Documentation link for web3.js API 0.2x.x; https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JavaScript-API
Documentation link for web3.js API 1.0.0-beta.xx; https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/1.0/web3.html
=== web3.py
web3.py 是一个用于与以太坊区块链进行交互的Python库。它现在也在以太坊基金会的GitHub中。
Github link; https://github.com/ethereum/web3.py
PyPi link; https://pypi.python.org/pypi/web3/4.0.0b9
Documentation link; https://web3py.readthedocs.io/
=== EthereumJS
以太坊的库和实用程序集合。
Github link; https://github.com/ethereumjs
Website link; https://ethereumjs.github.io/
=== web3j
web3j 是Java和Android库，用于与Ethereum客户端集成并使用智能合约。
Github link; https://github.com/web3j/web3j
Website link; https://web3j.io
Documentation link; https://docs.web3j.io
=== Etherjar
Etherjar 是与Ethereum集成并与智能合约一起工作的另一个Java库。它专为基于Java 8+的服务器端项目而设计，提供RPC的低层和高层封装，以太坊数据结构和智能合约访问。
Github link; https://github.com/infinitape/etherjar
=== Nethereum
Nethereum 是以太坊的.Net集成库。
Github link; https://github.com/Nethereum/Nethereum
Website link; http://nethereum.com/
Documentation link; https://nethereum.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
=== ethers.js
ethers.js 库是一个紧凑，完整，功能齐全，经过广泛测试的以太坊库，完全根据MIT许可证获得，并且已收到来自以太坊基金会的DevEx资助以扩展和维护。
GitHub link: https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js
Documentation: https://docs.ethers.io
=== Emerald Platform
Emerald Platform提供了库和UI组件，可以在以太坊上构建Dapps。Emerald JS和Emerald JS UI提供了一组模块和React组件来构建Javascript应用程序和网站，Emerald SVG Icons是一组区块链相关的图标。除了Javascript库之外，它还有Rust库来操作私钥和交易签名。所有Emerald库和组件都使用 Apache 2许可。
Github link; https://github.com/etcdevteam/emerald-platform
Documentation link; https://docs.etcdevteam.com