Hive CLI和Beeline命令行的基本使用

usage: hive
 -d,--define <key=value>          Variable subsitution to apply to hive 
                                  commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B  --定义用户自定义变量
    --database <databasename>     Specify the database to use  -- 指定使用的数据库
 -e <quoted-query-string>         SQL from command line   -- 执行指定的 SQL
 -f <filename>                    SQL from files   --执行 SQL 脚本
 -H,--help                        Print help information  -- 打印帮助信息
    --hiveconf <property=value>   Use value for given property    --自定义配置
    --hivevar <key=value>         Variable subsitution to apply to hive  --自定义变量
                                  commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B
 -i <filename>                    Initialization SQL file  --在进入交互模式之前运行初始化脚本
 -S,--silent                      Silent mode in interactive shell    --静默模式
 -v,--verbose                     Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the  console)  --详细模式

hive -e 'select * from emp';

# 本地文件系统
hive -f /usr/file/simple.sql;
# HDFS文件系统
hive -f hdfs://hadoop001:8020/tmp/simple.sql;

select * from emp;

hive -e 'select * from emp' \
--hiveconf hive.exec.scratchdir=/tmp/hive_scratch  \
--hiveconf mapred.reduce.tasks=4;

hive.exec.scratchdir：指定 HDFS 上目录位置，用于存储不同 map/reduce 阶段的执行计划和这些阶段的中间输出结果。

hive -i /usr/file/hive-init.conf;

set hive.exec.mode.local.auto = true;

hive.exec.mode.local.auto 默认值为 false，这里设置为 true ，代表开启本地模式。

hive  --define  n=ename --hiveconf  --hivevar j=job;

# 以下两条语句等价
hive > select ${n} from emp;
hive >  select ${hivevar:n} from emp;
# 以下两条语句等价
hive > select ${j} from emp;
hive >  select ${hivevar:j} from emp;

Usage: java org.apache.hive.cli.beeline.BeeLine
   -u <database url>               the JDBC URL to connect to
   -r                              reconnect to last saved connect url (in conjunction with !save)
   -n <username>                   the username to connect as
   -p <password>                   the password to connect as
   -d <driver class>               the driver class to use
   -i <init file>                  script file for initialization
   -e <query>                      query that should be executed
   -f <exec file>                  script file that should be executed
   -w (or) --password-file <password file>  the password file to read password from
   --hiveconf property=value       Use value for given property
   --hivevar name=value            hive variable name and value
                                   This is Hive specific settings in which variables
                                   can be set at session level and referenced in Hive
                                   commands or queries.
   --property-file=<property-file> the file to read connection properties (url, driver, user, password) from
   --color=[true/false]            control whether color is used for display
   --showHeader=[true/false]       show column names in query results
   --headerInterval=ROWS;          the interval between which heades are displayed
   --fastConnect=[true/false]      skip building table/column list for tab-completion
   --autoCommit=[true/false]       enable/disable automatic transaction commit
   --verbose=[true/false]          show verbose error messages and debug info
   --showWarnings=[true/false]     display connection warnings
   --showNestedErrs=[true/false]   display nested errors
   --numberFormat=[pattern]        format numbers using DecimalFormat pattern
   --force=[true/false]            continue running script even after errors
   --maxWidth=MAXWIDTH             the maximum width of the terminal
   --maxColumnWidth=MAXCOLWIDTH    the maximum width to use when displaying columns
   --silent=[true/false]           be more silent
   --autosave=[true/false]         automatically save preferences
   --outputformat=[table/vertical/csv2/tsv2/dsv/csv/tsv]  format mode for result display
   --incrementalBufferRows=NUMROWS the number of rows to buffer when printing rows on stdout,
                                   defaults to 1000; only applicable if --incremental=true
                                   and --outputformat=table
   --truncateTable=[true/false]    truncate table column when it exceeds length
   --delimiterForDSV=DELIMITER     specify the delimiter for delimiter-separated values output format (default: |)
   --isolation=LEVEL               set the transaction isolation level
   --nullemptystring=[true/false]  set to true to get historic behavior of printing null as empty string
   --maxHistoryRows=MAXHISTORYROWS The maximum number of rows to store beeline history.
   --convertBinaryArrayToString=[true/false]    display binary column data as string or as byte array
   --help                          display this message

$ beeline -u jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000  -n username -p password 

• hive-site.xml ：Hive 的主要配置文件；
• hivemetastore-site.xml： 关于元数据的配置；
• hiveserver2-site.xml：关于 HiveServer2 的配置。

 <property>
    <name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name>
    <value>/tmp/mydir</value>
    <description>Scratch space for Hive jobs</description>
  </property>

hive --hiveconf hive.exec.scratchdir=/tmp/mydir

0: jdbc:hive2://hadoop001:10000> set hive.exec.scratchdir=/tmp/mydir;
No rows affected (0.025 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://hadoop001:10000> set hive.exec.scratchdir;
+----------------------------------+--+
|               set                |
+----------------------------------+--+
| hive.exec.scratchdir=/tmp/mydir  |
+----------------------------------+--+

1. HiveServer2 Clients
2. LanguageManual Cli
3. AdminManual Configuration