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5.1. 关系型模型

嵌入式文档一对一关系模型

嵌入式文档一对一关系模型 - 嵌入式文档模式

// patron document
{
   _id: "joe",
   name: "Joe Bookreader"
}
// address document
{
   patron_id: "joe", // reference to patron document
   street: "123 Fake Street",
   city: "Faketon",
   state: "MA",
   zip: "12345"
}

合并为：

{
  "_id": "joe",
  "name": "Joe Bookreader",
  "address": {
    "street": "123 Fake Street",
    "city": "Faketon",
    "state": "MA",
    "zip": "12345"
  }
}

嵌入式文档一对一关系模型 - 子集模式

假设，有一个用于描述电影信息的 collection 定义：

{
  "_id": 1,
  "title": "The Arrival of a Train",
  "year": 1896,
  "runtime": 1,
  "released": ISODate("01-25-1896"),
  "poster": "http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMjEyNDk5MDYzOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwNjIxMTEwMzE@._V1_SX300.jpg",
  "plot": "A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, ...",
  "fullplot": "A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, the line dissolves. The doors of the railway-cars open, and people on the platform help passengers to get off.",
  "lastupdated": ISODate("2015-08-15T10:06:53"),
  "type": "movie",
  "directors": ["Auguste Lumière", "Louis Lumière"],
  "imdb": {
    "rating": 7.3,
    "votes": 5043,
    "id": 12
  },
  "countries": ["France"],
  "genres": ["Documentary", "Short"],
  "tomatoes": {
    "viewer": {
      "rating": 3.7,
      "numReviews": 59
    },
    "lastUpdated": ISODate("2020-01-09T00:02:53")
  }
}

在应用中，有的场景只需要显示电影的简单浏览信息，不需要显示类似 fullplot、poster 这样的详细信息。因为，我们可以考虑将原结构一份为二，并通过 id 字段关联起来。

用于展示摘要信息的 movie collection

// movie collection
{
  "_id": 1,
  "title": "The Arrival of a Train",
  "year": 1896,
  "runtime": 1,
  "released": ISODate("1896-01-25"),
  "type": "movie",
  "directors": ["Auguste Lumière", "Louis Lumière"],
  "countries": ["France"],
  "genres": ["Documentary", "Short"]
}

用于展示细节信息的 movie_details collection

// movie_details collection
{
  "_id": 156,
  "movie_id": 1, // reference to the movie collection
  "poster": "http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMjEyNDk5MDYzOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwNjIxMTEwMzE@._V1_SX300.jpg",
  "plot": "A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, ...",
  "fullplot": "A group of people are standing in a straight line along the platform of a railway station, waiting for a train, which is seen coming at some distance. When the train stops at the platform, the line dissolves. The doors of the railway-cars open, and people on the platform help passengers to get off.",
  "lastupdated": ISODate("2015-08-15T10:06:53"),
  "imdb": {
    "rating": 7.3,
    "votes": 5043,
    "id": 12
  },
  "tomatoes": {
    "viewer": {
      "rating": 3.7,
      "numReviews": 59
    },
    "lastUpdated": ISODate("2020-01-29T00:02:53")
  }
}

嵌入式文档一对多关系模型

嵌入式文档一对多关系模型 - 嵌入式文档模式

// patron document
{
   _id: "joe",
   name: "Joe Bookreader"
}
// address documents
{
   patron_id: "joe", // reference to patron document
   street: "123 Fake Street",
   city: "Faketon",
   state: "MA",
   zip: "12345"
}
{
   patron_id: "joe",
   street: "1 Some Other Street",
   city: "Boston",
   state: "MA",
   zip: "12345"
}

合并为：

{
  "_id": "joe",
  "name": "Joe Bookreader",
  "addresses": [
    {
      "street": "123 Fake Street",
      "city": "Faketon",
      "state": "MA",
      "zip": "12345"
    },
    {
      "street": "1 Some Other Street",
      "city": "Boston",
      "state": "MA",
      "zip": "12345"
    }
  ]
}

嵌入式文档一对多关系模型 - 子集模式

考虑一个电商网站用于表示商品的 collection：

{
  "_id": 1,
  "name": "Super Widget",
  "description": "This is the most useful item in your toolbox.",
  "price": { "value": NumberDecimal("119.99"), "currency": "USD" },
  "reviews": [
    {
      "review_id": 786,
      "review_author": "Kristina",
      "review_text": "This is indeed an amazing widget.",
      "published_date": ISODate("2019-02-18")
    },
    {
      "review_id": 785,
      "review_author": "Trina",
      "review_text": "Nice product. Slow shipping.",
      "published_date": ISODate("2019-02-17")
    },
    ...{
      "review_id": 1,
      "review_author": "Hans",
      "review_text": "Meh, it's okay.",
      "published_date": ISODate("2017-12-06")
    }
  ]
}

评论按时间倒序排列。 当用户访问产品页面时，应用程序将加载十条最近的评论。可以将集合分为两个集合，而不是与产品一起存储所有评论：产品集合存储有关每个产品的信息，包括产品的十个最新评论：

{
  "_id": 1,
  "name": "Super Widget",
  "description": "This is the most useful item in your toolbox.",
  "price": { "value": NumberDecimal("119.99"), "currency": "USD" },
  "reviews": [
    {
      "review_id": 786,
      "review_author": "Kristina",
      "review_text": "This is indeed an amazing widget.",
      "published_date": ISODate("2019-02-18")
    }
    ...
    {
      "review_id": 776,
      "review_author": "Pablo",
      "review_text": "Amazing!",
      "published_date": ISODate("2019-02-16")
    }
  ]
}

review collection 存储所有的评论

{
  "review_id": 786,
  "product_id": 1,
  "review_author": "Kristina",
  "review_text": "This is indeed an amazing widget.",
  "published_date": ISODate("2019-02-18")
}
{
  "review_id": 785,
  "product_id": 1,
  "review_author": "Trina",
  "review_text": "Nice product. Slow shipping.",
  "published_date": ISODate("2019-02-17")
}
...
{
  "review_id": 1,
  "product_id": 1,
  "review_author": "Hans",
  "review_text": "Meh, it's okay.",
  "published_date": ISODate("2017-12-06")
}

引用式文档一对多关系模型

考虑以下映射出版商和书籍关系的示例。该示例说明了引用式文档的优点，以避免重复发布者信息。

{
   title: "MongoDB: The Definitive Guide",
   author: [ "Kristina Chodorow", "Mike Dirolf" ],
   published_date: ISODate("2010-09-24"),
   pages: 216,
   language: "English",
   publisher: {
              name: "O'Reilly Media",
              founded: 1980,
              location: "CA"
            }
}
{
   title: "50 Tips and Tricks for MongoDB Developer",
   author: "Kristina Chodorow",
   published_date: ISODate("2011-05-06"),
   pages: 68,
   language: "English",
   publisher: {
              name: "O'Reilly Media",
              founded: 1980,
              location: "CA"
            }
}

为避免重复出版商数据，可以使用引用型文档，并将出版商信息与书本分开保存。 使用引用时，关系的增长决定了将引用存储在何处。 如果每个出版商的图书数量很少且增长有限，则有时将图书参考存储在出版商文档中可能会很有用。 否则，如果每个发布者的书籍数量不受限制，则此数据模型将导致可变的，不断增长的数组，如以下示例所示：

{
   name: "O'Reilly Media",
   founded: 1980,
   location: "CA",
   books: [123456789, 234567890, ...]
}
{
    _id: 123456789,
    title: "MongoDB: The Definitive Guide",
    author: [ "Kristina Chodorow", "Mike Dirolf" ],
    published_date: ISODate("2010-09-24"),
    pages: 216,
    language: "English"
}
{
   _id: 234567890,
   title: "50 Tips and Tricks for MongoDB Developer",
   author: "Kristina Chodorow",
   published_date: ISODate("2011-05-06"),
   pages: 68,
   language: "English"
}

为了避免可变的，增长的数组，请将发行者参考存储在书籍文档中：

{
   _id: "oreilly",
   name: "O'Reilly Media",
   founded: 1980,
   location: "CA"
}
{
   _id: 123456789,
   title: "MongoDB: The Definitive Guide",
   author: [ "Kristina Chodorow", "Mike Dirolf" ],
   published_date: ISODate("2010-09-24"),
   pages: 216,
   language: "English",
   publisher_id: "oreilly"
}
{
   _id: 234567890,
   title: "50 Tips and Tricks for MongoDB Developer",
   author: "Kristina Chodorow",
   published_date: ISODate("2011-05-06"),
   pages: 68,
   language: "English",
   publisher_id: "oreilly"
}
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