复杂性不是由单个灾难性错误引起的；它堆积成许多小块。单个依赖项或模糊性本身不太可能显着影响软件系统的可维护性。之所以会出现复杂性，是因为随着时间的流逝，成千上万的小依赖性和模糊性逐渐形成。最终，这些小问题太多了，以至于对系统的每次可能更改都会受到其中几个问题的影响。
复杂性的增量性质使其难以控制。可以很容易地说服自己，当前更改所带来的一点点复杂性没什么大不了的。但是，如果每个开发人员对每种更改都采用这种方法，那么复杂性就会迅速累积。一旦积累了复杂性，就很难消除它，因为修复单个依赖项或模糊性本身不会产生很大的变化。为了减缓复杂性的增长，您必须采用 第三章：工作代码是不够的 中讨论的“零容忍”理念。
复杂性来自于依赖性和模糊性的积累。随着复杂性的增加，它会导致变化放大，高认知负荷和未知的未知数。结果，需要更多的代码修改才能实现每个新功能。此外，开发人员花费更多时间获取足够的信息以安全地进行更改，在最坏的情况下，他们甚至找不到所需的所有信息。最重要的是，复杂性使得修改现有代码库变得困难且冒险。
Complexity isn’t caused by a single catastrophic error; it accumulates in lots of small chunks. A single dependency or obscurity, by itself, is unlikely to affect significantly the maintainability of a software system. Complexity comes about because hundreds or thousands of small dependencies and obscurities build up over time. Eventually, there are so many of these small issues that every possible change to the system is affected by several of them.
The incremental nature of complexity makes it hard to control. It’s easy to convince yourself that a little bit of complexity introduced by your current change is no big deal. However, if every developer takes this approach for every change, complexity accumulates rapidly. Once complexity has accumulated, it is hard to eliminate, since fixing a single dependency or obscurity will not, by itself, make a big difference. In order to slow the growth of complexity, you must adopt a “zero tolerance” philosophy, as discussed in Chapter 3.
Complexity comes from an accumulation of dependencies and obscurities. As complexity increases, it leads to change amplification, a high cognitive load, and unknown unknowns. As a result, it takes more code modifications to implement each new feature. In addition, developers spend more time acquiring enough information to make the change safely and, in the worst case, they can’t even find all the information they need. The bottom line is that complexity makes it difficult and risky to modify an existing code base.