信息隐藏和深层模块密切相关。如果模块隐藏了很多信息，则往往会增加模块提供的功能，同时还会减少其接口。这使模块更深。相反，如果一个模块没有隐藏太多信息，则它要么功能不多，要么接口复杂。无论哪种方式，模块都是浅的。
将系统分解为模块时，请尽量不要受运行时操作顺序的影响。这将使您沿着时间分解的路径前进，这将导致信息泄漏和模块浅。相反，请考虑执行应用程序任务所需的不同知识，并设计每个模块以封装这些知识中的一个或几个。这将产生带有深色模块的干净简单的设计。
1 David Parnas，“关于将系统分解为模块的标准”，ACM 通讯，1972 年 12 月。
Information hiding and deep modules are closely related. If a module hides a lot of information, that tends to increase the amount of functionality provided by the module while also reducing its interface. This makes the module deeper. Conversely, if a module doesn’t hide much information, then either it doesn’t have much functionality, or it has a complex interface; either way, the module is shallow.
When decomposing a system into modules, try not to be influenced by the order in which operations will occur at runtime; that will lead you down the path of temporal decomposition, which will result in information leakage and shallow modules. Instead, think about the different pieces of knowledge that are needed to carry out the tasks of your application, and design each module to encapsulate one or a few of those pieces of knowledge. This will produce a clean and simple design with deep modules.
1David Parnas, “On the Criteria to be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules,” Communications of the ACM, December 1972.